Situation calculus as answer set programming arizona state. The what happens when part is a narrative of events, and the what actions do part describes the effects of actions. Ive used trigonometry and linear algebra in 3d programming, but ive yet to find a way to use calculus im just wondering what the canonical programmers use for calculus is. Where is the application of calculus of continuous quantities in computer science or programming closed. To demonstrate the applicability of our approach, we describe a case study about. F2lp is being actively updated and the current version has been tested on many event calculus examples, including the benchmark problems. We present an implemented method for encoding reasoning problems of a discrete version of the classical logic event calculus in propositional conjunctive normal form, enabling the problems to be solved efficiently by offtheshelf complete satisfiability sat solvers. Pdf a system for the use of answer set programming in. Compared to introductory classes in other technical field, the amount of memorization in calculus is trivial. Youll need calculus concepts to understand papers, learn. Pdf a probabilistic logic programming event calculus. The event calculus in probabilistic logic programming with annotated disjunctions kevin mcareavey queens university belfast belfast, northern ireland kevin. Differentiable programming has found use in a wide variety of areas, particularly scientific.
The labs suite comprises programs related to answer set programming. The discrete event calculus reasoner is a program for performing automated commonsense reasoning using the discrete event calculus mueller, 2006, a version of the classical logic event calculus shanahan, 1997, miller and shanahan, 2002. Constraint answer set programming without grounding and its applications. We discuss the use of answer set programming for commonsense reasoning. The discrete event calculus reasoner is an open source program for performing automated commonsense reasoning using the discrete event calculus, a comprehensive and highly usable formalism for reasoning about action, change, space, and mental states. The event calculus in probabilistic logic programming with. It supports event calculus reasoning and handles some types of event calculus formulas whose circumscription cannot be computed using predicate completion, including effect constraints, disjunctive event axioms, and definitions of compound events.
It uses the stable model semantics 4 and has attracted much attention due to its expressiveness, ability to incorporate nonmonotonicity, represent. Modeling and reasoning in event calculus using goal. Differentiable programming is a programming paradigm in which the programs can be differentiated throughout, usually via automatic differentiation. Classical logic event calculus as answer set programming. This allows for gradient based optimization of parameters in the program, often via gradient descent. Calculus and programming are somewhat related, such as your mention of computational theory, which is also a subset of mathematics, but strictly speaking it is not at all programming. We build on the previous encoding method of shanahan and witkowski, extending it to support causal constraints, concurrent. Interestingly, early versions of the event calculus 17 were based on logic programs but this was the time before the invention of the stable model semantics, while more extensive later developments of the event calculus. Symmetric splitting in the general theory of stable models. It combines the highlevel modeling capacities of asp with stateoftheart techniques from the area of boolean constraint solving. Constraint answer set programming without grounding and. A comprehensive documentation of our software can be found in the potassco guide. Whats the relationship between calculus and programming. The logicbased language event calculus ec has been adopted to provide a formal specification and semantics to declare constraints, while a lightweight, logic programming based ec tool supports dynamically reasoning about partial, evolving execution traces.
Calculus has been around for a lot longer than computers. For information on answer set programming asp and the input language of iled, please consult the material from the potsdam answer set solving team. An alternative tool for event calculus answer set programming is f2lp. Calculus has a fair number of formulas compared to some other math classes, but far less memorization than is involved in something like learning a programming language. More recently, its attractive combination of a rich yet simple modeling language with highperformance solving capacities has sparked interest in many other areas even. We also provide an answer set programming style encoding method for reiters basic action theories, which tells us how the solution to the frame problem in answer set programming is related to. Lastly, you can use programming languages and software to solve calculus equations, but you dont need to. A further transformation into answer set programs allows us to use an answer set solver to perform propositional reasoning about the situation calculus. This may all seem obvious to you, but im looking at it from the other side and i dont simply know that calculus is useful. An answer set programming based approach to representing and querying textual knowledge dhruva rajan pendharkar, m. Modeling and reasoning in event calculus using goaldirected constraint answer set programming springerlink.
The event calculus is a logical mechanism that infers whats true when given what happens when and what actions do. Paolo ferraris, joohyung lee, vladimir lifschitz and ravi palla. Reasoning about triggered scenarios in logic programming. The program smodels is an implementation of the stable model semantics for logic programs. The event calculus explained imperial college london.
Constraint answer set programming without grounding and its. Answer set programming esra erdem, michael gelfond, nicola leone answer set programming asp has been applied fruitfully to a wide range of areas in ai and in other fields, both in academia and in industry, thanks to the expressive representation languages of asp and the continuous improvement of asp solvers. Moreover, progress in generalizing the stable model semantics used in answer set programming asp has opened the way for the reformulation of event calculus axiomatizations into logic programs. Improve your math knowledge with free questions in linear programming and thousands of other math skills. Monitoring business constraints with the event calculus acm. Event calculus ec is a family of formalisms that model commonsense reasoning. Calculus is hard, and calculus 2 is harder, but no calculus is not everywhere in cs, at least if you plan on becoming a software engineer. The university of texas at dallas, 2018 abstract supervising professor. The reformulation of the event calculus in answer set programming allows answer set solvers to be applied to event calculus reasoning, handling more expressive reasoning tasks than the current sat. Answer set programming asp is a powerful rulebased language. Extending datalogasp with constraints casp enhances its expressiveness and performance but it is not straightforward as the grounding phase removes variables and the links among them. Lomrf is a library for markov logic networks that supports event calculus reasoning under uncertainty.
Download discrete event calculus reasoner for free. Pdf event calculus reasoning through satisfiability. Potassco the potsdam answer set solving collection. Answer set programming asp is a declarative problem solving approach, initially tailored to modeling problems in the area of knowledge representation and reasoning krr. Event calculus answer set programming tools for automated analysis of ts speci. Pdf reformulating the situation calculus and the event.
Event calculus answer set programming this is a prototype implementation and is no longer being updated. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions. See the gnu general public license v3 for more details. It uses the event calculus, a highly powerful and usable tool for commonsense reasoning, which erik mueller demonstrates as the most effective tool for the broadest range of applications. Answer set solving in practice synthesis lectures on. The event calculus is a logical language for representing and reasoning about events and their effects first presented by robert kowalski and marek sergot in 1986. In working notes of answer set programming and other computing paradigms aspocp 2008, pages 1193, 2008. An event calculus based approach is a detailed, highlevel reference on logicbased commonsense reasoning.
It combines the highlevel modeling capacities of asp with stateoftheart techniques from. This is a prototype implementation and is no longer being updated. Modeling and reasoning in event calculus using goaldirected. Modeling and reasoning in event calculus using goaldirected constraint answer set programming. Discrete event calculus an overview sciencedirect topics. Potassco, the potsdam answer set solving collection, bundles tools for answer set programming developed at the university of potsdam. It was extended by murray shanahan and rob miller in the 1990s. Oct 08, 2019 event calculus ec is a family of formalisms that model commonsense reasoning.
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